Steam turbine control systems are being designed with todays technology to operate a turbine in a safe and reliable manner. A steam turbine package is made up of several components systems including the following. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer. At steam extraction and admission locations, steam flow control valves usually add to the steam and control system cost.
Simulation of speed steam turbine control system sciencedirect. Frequency control is achieved through generator control mechanism. Many benefits may be realized by choosing the proper steam turbine control system, whether it is a mechanical, an electrical or a programmable controller system. The ccc speed and extraction controllers provide high quality control accuracy and improved machinery protection through our advanced control. Hydraulic control systems in gas and steam turbines. Isochronous load sharing principles for an islanded system. It is jointly engineered by turbine control engineering based in schenectady, new york, and electrical controls engineering. Ovation turbine control replacements include speed and load control, rotor stress and automatic turbine startup and sequencing as well as complete mechanical and hydraulic. Us4635209a overspeed protection control arrangement for. A short discussion is given on speedload and process control possibilities, indicating what governor control will best suit a particular steam turbine application. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. In order to retrofit obsolete steam turbine control systems, and therefore to meet current standards and requirements, man primeserv provides comprehensive modernization concepts including a contemporary plc based digital speed control. When the steam is expanded through a highpressure ratio, as in large steam turbines, the steam can begin to condense in the turbine when the temperature of the steam.
Turbine control system market by type gas turbine, steam. Sil3 safety system and a full range of native turbine specific io for speed, overspeed, servo positioner, vibration and generator excitation. Steam turbine control having high quality control for the steam turbine ensures the process remains stable with the highest possible efficiencies as well as increased reliability. Here the controlling parameter can be turbine speed and load. Standard offtheshelf field configurable controllers allow users with simple steam turbine applications to easily configure and operate the control. Turbines and speed governors steam turbines interactions between turbine and boiler for large disturbances, the change in steam ow d hp results in an opposite change in steam pressure p c taking this into account requires to model the boiler and its controllers we only mention the boiler and turbine control modes \boilerfollowing regulation 631. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. Once the steam turbine is at load speed, the load speed governor assumes. An electronic governor can provide precise speed control with fewer wearing parts than an equivalent mechanical governor. With a gas turbine the quantity of fuel fed is closedloop controlled e. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain its speed of rotation as constant. The importance of this method is, the turbine can maintain a constant steady speed irrespective of variation of its load. By functions speed control, load control, temperature control, pressure control.
This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Steam turbine training and governing system training. Control the speed gradient during run up to nominal speed control the load of the steam turbine when synchronised 30 120409 example not at s1. The upgraded system will feature six gas turbine generators and two steam turbine generators in an islanded plant with no grid connection. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Ger3706d steam turbines for industrial applications. The basic requirement of the control system for steam turbines is that the shaft speed shall be controlled in accordance with the command from the bridge. Description woodwards 505 and 505e digital controls use a 32bit microprocessor to control industrial sized steam turbines, small utility turbogenerators, or turboexpanders. This steam then comes in contact with the turbine lube oil, which in most cases is from the same source that powers the hydraulic operator system. Turbine bypass system stay online control isolation turbine bypass and control the steam turbine bypass system will allow the operator to keep the gas turbine and the heat recovery system generator hrsg online in the event of a steam turbine. There have been numerous causes of steam turbine failures worldwide. These fieldverified and compatible speed sensors provide a complete turbine control solution when combined with our turbine controllers and actuators.
The control value position will be adjusted to allow the required steam for turbine operation. Steam generator water level control system sgwlcs control system sgwlcs. Advanced steam turbine controls generator drives petrotech. This compact package lends itself to quick steam turbines for industrial applications ge power systems ger3706d 2 20 mw 335 mw 260 mw up to 16,000 rpm 335 mw direct drive stg geared stg feed pump drives mechanical drive units. The controllers are also embedded in many specialpurpose control systems. Steam turbines for industrial applications ge power systems ger3706d 3 geared turbine generator sets complete packages can include turbine, gear, oil system and generator for quick installation turbine speeds selected to optimize lifecycle costs 15001800 rpm, 4pole generators for 5060 hz applications applications to. By design, this is a builtin contamination path starting at the turbine. Its heritage consists of a long list of successful control systems, including the first ehc mark i steam turbine control built in the. Digital control for steam turbines applications governor turbine the 505 and 505e are microprocessorbased controls designed to operate steam turbines of all sizes. There are many considerations to be taken when choosing a controller. Standard offtheshelf field configurable controllers allow users with simple steam turbine applications to easily configure and operate the control themselvesresulting in lowering commissioning and support costs.
Governing of steam turbine is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain the speed of the turbine fairly constant irrespective of load on the turbine. Design of a robust controller with analysis for steam turbine. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of monitoring and controlling the flow rate of steam into the turbine with the objective of maintaining its speed of rotation as constant. There are many considerations to be taken when choosing a controller for steam turbine applications. You face the ongoing need to enhance reliability, avoid unplanned outages, reduce maintenance costs and improve unit responsiveness not possible with your legacy system. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. The 505e is designed to operate single extraction andor. Once the steam turbine is at load speed, the load speed governor assumes control of the steam valve to manage the turbine output.
In addition, a control system is needed and emission reduction hardware may be required depending on local air quality requirements. The tutorial concentrates on the appropriate complete control system, including overspeed protection systems that will be required to operate a steam turbine. Ovation turbine control replacements include speed and load control, rotor stress and automatic turbine. Control of lube oil pressure and temperature, as well as rotor axial displacement and eccentricity is necessary. The hpc has been specially designed with extra attention to accuracy, response, resolution and is ideal for both inlet and extraction steam turbine control valves relating to turbine speed, load and process control. This paper reveals the fundamentals of how the plant performs isochronous load sharing in an islanded power system with various makes and sizes of generators steam and gas turbines. His expertise is in rotating machinery control systems, which includes development work on new technology gas and steam turbine. In controlling steam turbine speed, is to accurately and. The typical main turbine in nuclear power plants, in which steam. As inlet pressure decreases the steam inlet pressure will trim the steam turbine demand signal in an effort to maintain the minimum safe steam pressure. With latest technologies steam generator pressure control is also incorporated in governing control system. Theacti vatedunloader acts similarly to the loadlimiter, ie.
Note that to increase the turbine steam flow, the speedload control mechanism. Steam turbine governing system is a method, used to maintain a constant steady speed of turbine. A typical turbine governing system has two unloaders one activated by low condenservacuum. This compact package lends itself to quick steam turbines for industrial applications ge power systems ger3706d 2 20 mw 335 mw 260. Some set of nozzles are grouped together may be two, three or more groups and each group of the nozzle is supplied steam.
The flow rate of steam is monitored and controlled by interposing valves between the boiler and the turbine. Frequency control system a frequency control system fcs regulates the generators. It is jointly engineered by turbine control engineering based in schenectady, new york, and electrical controls engineering based in salem, virginia. Less than adequate speed control often results in manual control or frequent operator intervention in order to overcome speed fluctuations. Elec0047 power system dynamics, control and stability. Steam turbine control ccc compressor controls corporation. A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. Hydraulic control systems in gas and steam turbines hydraulic closedloop control devices have a long tradition of use in turbine construction and are certainly one of the pioneers of oilhydraulic closedloop control. Designed to be flexible to meet your steam turbine control needs. In the simplest form the overspeed protection system must detect when operating speed is exceeded by a designated percentage often 10% to % and must initiate successful closure of all valves to isolate any and all potential steam energy sources. The 505505e package consists of printed circuit boards in an enclosure designed to be mounted within a system control. Trying to precisely throttle steam using the typical turbine oem butterfly valves is no easy feat. Additional controls also manage the extraction and admission requirements for extractionadmission of steam turbines.
There are four blocks related with speedload control, temperature control, fuel control, and air control. List the reactor protection system and turbine trip inputs provided by steam generator instrumentation and state the purpose of each trip. Steam turbine training and governing system training youtube. The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. Turbines and speed governors speed governors of steam turbines speed governors of steam turbines servomotor modelling z. Magnetic pickup sensors magnetic pickups are used to control the speed of a prime mover, speed controls compare actual speed to desired, or set, speed. In the field of robust control, control has received. Pdf steam turbine control systems are being designed with todays technology to operate a turbine in a safe and reliable manner. An electronic governor can provide precise speed control. In this case of governing mechanism, the mass flow rate is controlled by throttling the steam by means of control value. A simple steam turbine chp system needs a boiler and steam generator to raise the steam to drive the unit.
Ger3687c speedtronic mark v steam turbine control system. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. Distinguishing features of the new control systems hitachis new control systems leverage the latest technologies in hiacs series products. The turbine control experts gas turbines steam turbines. Using matlabsimulink software facilities, have been simulated the speed variations, of the steam turbineload unit, connected with a mechanicalhydraulic system. List the inputs used in the main feed pump speed control system. There are four blocks related with speed load control, temperature control, fuel control, and air control. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn.
First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Pdf simulation of speed steam turbine control system. Taylor is a senior staff engineer within the steam turbine systems engineering group at woodward, in fort collins, colorado. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05. Mpptech gmbh has developed the turbcsd turbine control system. In order to meet the new requirements of api 670 for control and protection systems for steam turbines, man primeserv has developed a new retrofit standard of a fully redundant electrohydraulic speed control system and sil certified electronic overspeed protection system. Simulation of speed steam turbine control system mircea dulaua, dorin bicab a,bdepartment of electrical and computer engineering, petru maior university of tirgumures, 1 n. This paper presents the basic concepts of the steam turbine control system and develops the fundamentals of the speed control. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. The electronic governor may also improve plant production from driven equipment through enhanced steam management while providing realtime data on. The 505 is designed to operate steam turbines using one or two splitstage actuators to drive inlet steam valves. Modeling of gas turbine and its control system dr m s r murty.
Power system dynamics, control and stability turbines and speed. In contrast to a gas turbine, the total thermal power of a steam turbine has to be controlled by means of safety and control devices. Balancing steam load is critical for proper and stable operation of the turbine to design conditions. Steam turbines startups 171 prior to switching on the turning gear, oil system is started up.
Turbine control system market by type gas turbine, steam turbine. Conversely, the steam exit pressure controller will govern the steam turbine speed in the event of exce ssive exit steam pressure. Safety and reliability are achieved by the selection of the correct. Speed transducers adjacent the turbine shaft provide speed. Woodward offers steam turbine controllers for all size turbines and applications. This leads to unpredictable valve performance, fluctuating mw output, and ultimately turbine trips. The governing systems for thermal and hydro generating plants are different in nature since the inertia of water that. Ovations advanced diagnostics, preprogrammed governor control, high speed data logging and bestinclass cybersecurity protection are ideally suited for turbine control. Pid control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system. Turbine speed governing system plz use speakers youtube.
Additional controls also manage the extraction and admission requirements for extractionadmission of steam turbines to comply with the oems extraction and admission limits. Nozzle control governing of steam turbine is basically used for part load condition. The fuel can be any fossil fuel as well as biomass fuels. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. Speedtronic mark v steam turbine control system introduction the speedtronic mark v is the latest version of ges long series of highly reliable electrohydraulic control ehc systems for steam turbines. In a steam turbine control system three overspeed protection circuits opc are provided, each one being identical to the others and each having a programmable digital computer in twoway data communication with a master controller, as well as with the other opcs.
For highest electrical conversion efficiency, the steam will be condensed at the exit of the steam turbine, creating the largest pressure drop possible across the turbine blades. It is always necessary to check whether lube oil pumps has started and whether all bearings are supplied with oil. By component sensors, hmi, controllers, software and by regional analysis global forecast by 2020 2025. Instruction manual for single stage 350, 500, and 700. The tutorial concentrates on the appropriate complete control system, including overspeed protection systems that will be required to operate a steam turbine in a safe and reliable manner. For turbines supplied with options such as forced or circulating lubrication systems, alternative speed control systems, accessories, instrumentation, speed reducers or other special configurations, refer to the appropriate accessory manuals and turbine. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a significant impact on its performance. Many benefits may be realized by choosing the proper steam turbine control. Steam turbine governing and its mechanism ece tutorials. It is another interesting method by which turbines speed can be controlled. The speedtronic mark v steam turbine control is the ge control system for the 1990s.